How Can CTV-SP Be Controlled?
The first lines of defense in areas where CTV-SP
is not yet widespread are quarantine and budwood
certification programs. Eradication may be an option
under certain circumstances where the initial
infection is limited and resources are immediately
available to detect and remove infected trees. There
are no commercial cultivars of limes, grapefruit and
sweet orange with acceptable levels of tolerance to
CTV-SP isolates. A resistance gene has been
identified in trifoliate orange, but incorporation of
this source of resistance by breeding or genetic
engineering remains a long-term proposition, in part,
because of the time required to verify horticultural
characteristics of new germplasm. Mild strain cross
protection against CTV has been used with some
success in Brazil, South Africa, and Australia to
alleviate losses, but protecting isolates have been
difficult to find and may be useful only in select areas
against specific genetic groups of the virus. The
ability to engineer improved protection isolates
tailored to specific requirements is still years away.
Often the only practical option is to avoid growing
cultivars sensitive to CTV stem pitting. Aphid
control may be useful in certain situations such as
nurseries, but is not regarded as a practical long-term
strategy for commercial plantings.
How Can CTV-SP Be Controlled?The first lines of defense in areas where CTV-SP is not yet widespread are quarantine and budwood certification programs. Eradication may be an option under certain circumstances where the initial infection is limited and resources are immediately available to detect and remove infected trees. There are no commercial cultivars of limes, grapefruit and sweet orange with acceptable levels of tolerance to CTV-SP isolates. A resistance gene has been identified in trifoliate orange, but incorporation of this source of resistance by breeding or genetic engineering remains a long-term proposition, in part, because of the time required to verify horticultural characteristics of new germplasm. Mild strain cross protection against CTV has been used with some success in Brazil, South Africa, and Australia to alleviate losses, but protecting isolates have been difficult to find and may be useful only in select areas against specific genetic groups of the virus. The ability to engineer improved protection isolates tailored to specific requirements is still years away. Often the only practical option is to avoid growing cultivars sensitive to CTV stem pitting. Aphid control may be useful in certain situations such as nurseries, but is not regarded as a practical long-term strategy for commercial plantings.
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