Experimental setup and design
The sequence of operations used in this study was
according to Fig. 1. Three different metals (stainless steel 430,
aluminum 1100 and aluminum 3003) with the diameter of 280
mm were bonded by using the friction bonding process. The
chemical composition and location of each metal sheet are
given in Table 1 and Fig. 2. Based on our machine limits, the
maximum bonding temperature and force were 550°C and
2,620 kN, respectively. According to our preliminary
experiments, the delamination was only found where the two
aluminum sheets (1100 and 3003 sheets) bonded, while the
interface between stainless steel and aluminum 1100 sheets
provided no any sign of delamination. Moreover, the size of
delamination seemed to be affected by the applied voltage of
the induction heater, electrical power of the screw press
machine and the stroke distance of the die set