Moringa oleifera Lam. is an edible plant. In this experiment, three kinds of small molecular weight Polysaccharides (MRP-D, MRP-P, MRP-H) were extracted from Dai-Jia ecology, Pkm-3 and Hong-he 1 Moringa oleiferaroot that were cultivated in three regions of Yunnan Province. The Moringa oleifera root Polysaccharides (MRPs)were identified to contain β-(1 → 3)-Glucose structure, without triple-helical conformation. In vitro fermentationexperiment showed the MRPs increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (3–5-fold) and the abundance ofbeneficial microflora such as Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of harmful microflora such as Proteobacteria at the same time. The composition and effects on the human intestinal microflora of MRPs were different,indicating that the planting regions would affect the composition and function of the bioactives. These resultsprovide an experimental basis for the industrial layout of Moringa oleifera and the application of MRPs in foodprocessing