2.2.1.3. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). The LCIA phase enabled the calculation of impact categories (Pennington et al., 2004). The LCIA was carried out on the basis of the inventory analysis data generated for the unit processes (Poeschl et al., in press), which were classified according to their potential impact on the environment. The full LCIA includes emissions to air, soil and water and was used to improve the understanding of the results of the LCI phase, by funneling the flows to retain only the dominant environmental factors (ISO, 2006a).