Suitable petroleum products are exemplified by synthetic motor oil and engine oils such as exemplified by 5W-
30 and 10W-30 engine oils, chainsaw bar oil, chain oil, transmission fluid oils and fluids such
as automatic transmission fluids (ATF), hydraulic fluids, gear oils, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, 5 paraffin oil, kerosene, and stove oil, among others, and mixtures thereof. A suitable synthetic
fuel or synthetic oil may be produced by a Fischer Tropsch conversion process and is
exemplified by pyrolysis oil and the like. The combustible liquid may also be any
combinations of plant-derived oils, marine-derived oils, animal-derived oils, petroleum
products and synthetic fuels or oils. The combustible liquid used in the การเปิดเผยนี้ 10 may further be heatable to a temperature of up to 320°C. As used herein, the combustible
liquid is for heating densified biomass material in an oxygen-free environment to torrefy the densified material without igniting it, rather than for the infusion of densified biomass material with the combustible liquid or alternatively, for causing a significant increase in absorption of combustible liquid by densified biomass material.
15 The products of the กระบวนการทอร์รีแฟกชัน processes disclosed herein are torrefied/densified
biomass and/or biosolids material that retain a portion of the combustible liquid and have a high degree of hydrophobicity. The torrefied densified biomass and/or biosolid obtained from the processes described herein may absorb between about 2% and about 25% w/w
combustible liquid during the กระบวนการทอร์รีแฟกชัน process, or ปริมาณใดๆ ในระหว่างนั้น. For example, 20 without limitation, the amount of combustible liquid absorbed and retained within torrefied
densified biomass may be about 2% ถึงประมาณ 25% w/w combustible liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ
ในระหว่างนั้น; about 2% ถึงประมาณ 24% w/w combustible liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ ในระหว่างนั้น;
about 2% ถึงประมาณ 23% w/w combustible liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ ในระหว่างนั้น; about 2% to
about 22% w/w combustible liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ ในระหว่างนั้น; about 2% ถึงประมาณ 21% 25 w/w combustible liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ ในระหว่างนั้น; about 2% ถึงประมาณ 20% w/w
combustible liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ ในระหว่างนั้น; about 2% ถึงประมาณ 19% w/w combustible
liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ ในระหว่างนั้น; about 2% ถึงประมาณ 18% w/w combustible liquid, or any
amount ในระหว่างนั้น; about 2% ถึงประมาณ 17% w/w combustible liquid, or ปริมาณใดๆ
ในระหว่างนั้น; such as, for example, 3% w/w combustible liquid, 4% w/w combustible liquid,
30 5% w/w combustible liquid, 6% w/w combustible liquid, 7% w/w combustible liquid, 8%
w/w combustible liquid, 9% w/w combustible liquid, 10% w/w combustible liquid, 11% w/w
combustible liquid, 12% w/w combustible liquid, 13% w/w combustible liquid, 14% w/w
combustible liquid, 15% w/w combustible liquid, 16% w/w combustible liquid, or any
amount ในระหว่างนั้น.
Those skilled in the art would understand that the biomass and/or biosolid materials of the การเปิดเผยนี้ have a range of heat energy values. Those skilled in the art would know that exemplary energy values of the densified biomass and/or biosolids may range from
5 about 4,300 BTU per pound ถึงประมาณ 12,800 BTU per pound, depending on the feedstock and
the ปริมาณความชื้น of the feedstock. For example, a skilled person in the art would known that wood generally has an energy content of about 6,400 BTU per pound with 20% moisture (air dry basis) ถึงประมาณ 7,600 ถึงประมาณ 9,600 BTU per pound เมื่อคิดจาก น้ำหนักเมื่อคิดจากน้ำหนักที่แห้งสนิท (or about 15
GJ/t with 20% moisture ถึงประมาณ 18-22 GJ/t เมื่อคิดจาก น้ำหนักเมื่อคิดจากน้ำหนักที่แห้งสนิท), and that agricultural 10 residues, such as switchgrass, have an energy content of about 4,300 BTU per pound ถึงประมาณ
7,300 BTU per pound (or about 10-17 GJ/t), depending on the ปริมาณความชื้น of the agricultural residue. In addition, those skilled in the art would known that charcoal has an energy content of about 12,800 BTU per pound. Accordingly, a skilled person would
appreciate that the range of heat energy values following กระบวนการทอร์รีแฟกชัน can also vary, with 15 those biomass and/or biosolid material having a lower initial heat energy value producing an
end product having a lower heat energy value compared to a biomass and/or biosolid material
having a higher initial heat energy value. In addition, as described herein, different factors
can be varied, such as, without limitation, the density of the densified biomass, the
temperature of the combustible liquid, the submersion time of the densified biomass in the 20 combustible liquid, and the type of combustible liquid used, to obtain a particular heat energy
value for a torrefied densified biomass and/or biosolid material of the การเปิดเผยนี้.
The torrefied densified biomass and/or biosolid of the การเปิดเผยนี้ may
accordingly have a heat energy value of about 6,000 BTU per pound เมื่อคิดจาก น้ำหนักเมื่อคิดจากน้ำหนักที่แห้งสนิท to
about 13,000 BTU p