Relationship between level of economic development and motorcycle and car
ownerships and their impacts on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission
in Thailand
An increase in road vehicles secondary to economic development has strongly pushed up energy demand
and adversely impact the environment by the emission of greenhouse gases and pollutants. This paper
aims to analyse the relationship between motorcycle and car ownerships and level of economic
development in Thailand. In addition, an overall private vehicle ownership which is a sum of both types
of private vehicle ownership is also studied. An understanding of these relationships due to the economic
development is a key knowledge for the sustainable transport policy in the future.
The results of this study revealed that at the early stage of economic development of developing
countries like Thailand, the number of motorcycles predominates over private cars. Economic
development strongly affects the ownership of private vehicles in two ways: (1) overall private vehicle
ownerships increase as the income levels grow and (2) after personal income grows up to a certain level,
people will shift from motorcycle to car ownerships for their prestige, convenience, comfort and safety.
Because of continuing economic development and population growth, the expected increase in overall
private vehicle ownership is projected to push up the total private vehicle stock of Thailand in the year
2050 to about twice of the present level. This will drive fuel demands in 2050 to about 2.4 times, and the
greenhouse gases (GHG) emission to about 2.5 times of the current levels.
Hence, policy makers in developing countries should not overlook the impacts on the consequences of
increasing overall private vehicle stock in the near future. The best and most appropriate policies should
be given to the development of public transport as the first priority rather than the traditional one, which
gives highest priority to traffic mobility of private vehicles by road transport neglecting the effectiveness
of passengers’ mobility of the public transport. In addition, policies to promote high efficiency vehicle
technologies, particularly for motorcycles, should also be taken into consideration, particularly for a low
income country due to a high share of the motorcycles in the overall private vehicle stock.
Relationship between level of economic development and motorcycle and car
ownerships and their impacts on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission
in Thailand
An increase in road vehicles secondary to economic development has strongly pushed up energy demand
and adversely impact the environment by the emission of greenhouse gases and pollutants. This paper
aims to analyse the relationship between motorcycle and car ownerships and level of economic
development in Thailand. In addition, an overall private vehicle ownership which is a sum of both types
of private vehicle ownership is also studied. An understanding of these relationships due to the economic
development is a key knowledge for the sustainable transport policy in the future.
The results of this study revealed that at the early stage of economic development of developing
countries like Thailand, the number of motorcycles predominates over private cars. Economic
development strongly affects the ownership of private vehicles in two ways: (1) overall private vehicle
ownerships increase as the income levels grow and (2) after personal income grows up to a certain level,
people will shift from motorcycle to car ownerships for their prestige, convenience, comfort and safety.
Because of continuing economic development and population growth, the expected increase in overall
private vehicle ownership is projected to push up the total private vehicle stock of Thailand in the year
2050 to about twice of the present level. This will drive fuel demands in 2050 to about 2.4 times, and the
greenhouse gases (GHG) emission to about 2.5 times of the current levels.
Hence, policy makers in developing countries should not overlook the impacts on the consequences of
increasing overall private vehicle stock in the near future. The best and most appropriate policies should
be given to the development of public transport as the first priority rather than the traditional one, which
gives highest priority to traffic mobility of private vehicles by road transport neglecting the effectiveness
of passengers’ mobility of the public transport. In addition, policies to promote high efficiency vehicle
technologies, particularly for motorcycles, should also be taken into consideration, particularly for a low
income country due to a high share of the motorcycles in the overall private vehicle stock.
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