Second, this study would allow us to determine the nature of early future-oriented
behavior. Prior research suggests that future-oriented behavior emerges between 3 and 5 years of age
(see Hudson, Mayhew, & Prabhakar, 2011, for a review). These studies have largely focused on young
children’s ability to place events accurately on a temporal scale, provide verbal reports of personal past
and future events, and make choices that satisfy personal future goals