Good-quality guidelines are currently available for the care of children or adults with asthma. Systematic reviews have been published on patient-targeted interventions, but little attention has been directed toward the effectiveness of clinician-focused strategies designed to enhance the implementation of NAEPP guidelines in clinical practice. In 2007, the Stanford University–University of California San Francisco Evidence-based Practice Center published a report on asthma care, entitled Closing the Quality Gap: A Critical Analysis of Quality Improvement Strategies: Volume 5—Asthma Care. This report showed that, despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult asthma, a significant gap remains between accepted best practices for asthma care and the actual care delivered to patients with asthma in the United States. The report authors examined the published literature through May 2006 to evaluate whether quality improvement strategies can be used to improve the processes and outcomes of outpatient care for children and adults with asthma. The interventions used in the studies that the report authors included in their analyses had been tested between 1976 and 2004, so new data most likely would not have been published after 2004. Furthermore, although pediatric studies were included in the report analyses, the interventions used in those studies were directed at patient adherence to provider-prescribed care, rather than at provider adherence to asthma guidelines. Thus, the results of the 2007 report would not be relevant to this topic nomination.