Monte Carlo simulations of ultrafast laser textured silicon surface,
it can be concluded that (a) the mechanism of light trapping
occurs mainly through multiple reflections, (b) surfaces appear
black to the naked eye with a reflection of few percent over a wide
spectral and angular range, (c) the losses are primarily due to
scattering with negligible (o0.1%) specular reflection and (d)
reduction in long wavelength (l¼1310 and 1550 nm) absorption
due to sulfur incorporation in ultrafast laser textured silicon
surfaces. Lastly, the impact different texturing methods has on
photovoltaic performance is investigated. From the short-circuit
current density and internal quantum efficiency, it can be
concluded that the ultrafast laser texturing has the least impact
on fabricated solar cells with short-circuit current densities over
39 mA/cm2 making it an ideal alternative to create light trapping
structures for silicon photovoltaics.