1-368 The ISM Code, FSA and risk management are discussed in more detail in other modules and will not be explored further here except to make one point. Decisions such as the one posed above need to be resolved through co-operation between the commercial and the technical management of the ship and the master and his team on board. With the fragmentation of the industry (what we have called the change from vertical to horizontal integration), the ability to achieve this was breaking down, and it was increasingly difficult to identify "where the buck stops".