For people with CKD, a dietary regime that is low in sodium, potassium, and phosphate is usually recommended, especially to those with advanced CKD and receiving hemodialysis. However, food products containing sodium, potassium, and phosphate are usually rich in vitamin K, such as cheese and green vegetables. We therefore performed two sensitivity analyses to adjust for renal status. First, we adjusted for three renal biomarkers, namely eGFR, albuminuria, and serum beta-2 microglobulin. Second, we performed a subgroup analysis on participants with advanced CKD and further adjustment for renal biomarkers. Notably, serum beta-2 microglobulin is not only a renal biomarker, but also an extremely robust predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population24 and multiple sub-populations with various diseases and phenotypes.24 and 25 Nevertheless, the association of vitamin K intake with mortality remains robust in these two sensitivity analyses suggesting that the effect of vitamin K intake is independent of renal status.