Instrument validity and reliability
The instrument developed by the career and human resources education[with
slight modification] was used to collect the data. The modification included adding two
extra questions to the second section, and the omission of “ethnicity and race” in the
demographic section. Appropriate permission was elicited and granted to use the
instrument with this slight modification. To establish the validity of the instrument, the
career and human resources education conducted a review of literature and utilized a
penal of experts to generate the items found in this instrument. In addition, the focus
groups and pilot studies were performed in order to establish the reliability of the
instrument. In addition, the instrument was reviewed by another panel of researchers
before it was distributed to the subjects. As a result, the validity and reliability of this
instrument were established.