Global macadamia production has expanded substantially, building competition for market share based on superior quality kernels. Whole or half kernels garner the highest price if they are cream- colored and defect- free, with 72% or more oil.
Many pre- harvest influences on final kernel quality have not been clarified, especially environmental factors. However, macadamia kernel quality depends on the maturity and composition of nuts at harvest, as well as the drying, roasting, packaging, and storage methods. Frequent harvests, proper dehusking, and gentle handling can minimize the incidence of kernel decay, microbial risk, rancidity, and impact damage. Well- controlled, incremental drying to 1.5% kernel moisture prior to cracking and roasting is necessary for desirable kernel texture, color, flavor and stability. Macadamia nuts are a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals, and the purported health benefits of consuming macadamias may increase market opportunities for this gourmet nut.