In vivo codes included ‘conflict with myself’, ‘to get out of the “thinking” mode’ and ‘symbols’. All the codes were summed up in a code tree (i.e. a list of codes). All the text fragments from the following interviews that shared the same characteristics were given the same code. Through com- parative analysis, we renamed existing codes to develop them more fully. Consequently, the code tree expanded as the open coding pro- gressed and until no new codes emerged. At the end of this process the code tree contained 155 codes.