The question of ‘‘equity.’’ is a vague and relative term in any event, criteria for equity are particularly difficult
to determine in water conflicts, where international water law is ambiguous and often contradictory,
and no mechanism exists to enforce principles which are agreed-upon. The aim of this study is using
the water footprints as a concept to be an indicator or a measuring tool for the Equitable Utilization of
shared water resources. Herein Egypt and Ethiopia water resources conflicts in Nile River Basin were
selected as a case study. To achieve this study; water footprints, international virtual water flows and
water footprint of national consumption of Egypt and Ethiopia has been analyzed. In this study, some
indictors of equitable utilization has been gained for example; Egypt water footprint per capita is
1385 CM/yr/cap while in Ethiopia is 1167 CM/yr/cap, Egypt water footprint related to the national consumption
is 95.15 BCM/yr, while in Ethiopia is 77.63 BCM/yr, and the external water footprints of Egypt
is 28.5%, while in Ethiopia is 2.3% of the national consumption water footprint. The most important conclusion
of this study is; natural, social, environmental and economical aspects should be taken into
account when considering the water footprints as an effective measurable tool to assess the equable utilization
of shared water resources, moreover the water footprints should be calculated using a real data
and there is a necessity to establishing a global water footprints benchmarks for commodities as a
reference.