Prior to use, seeds were subjected to various pre-sowing treatments, i.e. soaking in water for 24-48 h
The seeds were washed with tap water to remove traces of the chemicals and were sown directly in the soil at a depth of 3 centimeters in a tray. (Hereafter direct sowing of seeds in soil will be referred as in vivo condition.) Watering was done every day. Germination of the seeds was tested at temperatures of greenhouse. Seeds were sown in three replications. Each replication contained 20 seeds. Radical emergence was the criterion for germination. The observations on germination were recorded at weekly intervals by taking the seeds out from the soil. Once germinated.