On the other hand, some researchers show the negative impact of
stock-based compensation on firm future performance. Core et al.
(1999) find that firms with greater excess compensation perform poorly
relative to those with lower or negative excess compensation. Firms
with weaker governance structures are more likely to have excess compensation.
Therefore, excess compensation resulting from agency problems
has a negative influence on both operating and market
performance. Brick et al. (2006) and Cheng and Farber (2008) provide
similar results with slightly different incentive and performance measures.