In my view, the self is the totality of what an organism is physically, biologically, psychologically, socially, and culturally. Though it
is a unit, it is not unitary. It includes things that we know and things that we do not know, things that others know about us that we
do not realize. It includes features that we express and hide, and some that we simply don't call upon. It includes what we would
like to be as well as what we hope to never become.
LeDoux describes how the brain employs both parallel plasticity, which is learning occurring in
diverse brain systems, and convergence zones, which are regions where information from diverse
systems can be integrated. This combination explains how the self can possess a unity in diversity.
Thinking of the self as a complex neural system takes us far from common sense, and further
departures are required. A full theory of the self remains to be developed, drawing not only on
neuroscience but also on social psychology, which discusses such topics as self-regulation, selfesteem,
and cultural variations in self-concepts. In Chapter 5, I will argue that full understanding of emotions
and other aspects of the self requires attention to mechanisms that operate at four different levels,
including the molecular, psychological, and social as well as the neural. The discussion of moral responsibility
in Chapter 9 will treat persons as inherently part of their social worlds, requiring attention to social relations as
well as neural mechanisms. Claiming that minds are brains is compatible with the social character of persons
and the self.
In my view, the self is the totality of what an organism is physically, biologically, psychologically, socially, and culturally. Though itis a unit, it is not unitary. It includes things that we know and things that we do not know, things that others know about us that wedo not realize. It includes features that we express and hide, and some that we simply don't call upon. It includes what we wouldlike to be as well as what we hope to never become.LeDoux describes how the brain employs both parallel plasticity, which is learning occurring indiverse brain systems, and convergence zones, which are regions where information from diversesystems can be integrated. This combination explains how the self can possess a unity in diversity.Thinking of the self as a complex neural system takes us far from common sense, and furtherdepartures are required. A full theory of the self remains to be developed, drawing not only onneuroscience but also on social psychology, which discusses such topics as self-regulation, selfesteem,and cultural variations in self-concepts. In Chapter 5, I will argue that full understanding of emotionsand other aspects of the self requires attention to mechanisms that operate at four different levels,including the molecular, psychological, and social as well as the neural. The discussion of moral responsibilityin Chapter 9 will treat persons as inherently part of their social worlds, requiring attention to social relations asกลไกประสาทเป็นอย่างดี ว่า จิตใจสมองจะเข้ากันได้กับลักษณะทางสังคมของคนและตนเอง
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