Often the contemporary celebration of
globalization neglects previous historical
examples of globalism and cosmopolitanism
such as Greek and Roman civilization,
various world religions including
Islam, the ecumenical aspects of Christianity,
the Enlightenment, and socialism. Unless
we have a clear view of how other cultures
have experienced globalization prior to
modernity we will fall deeply into the trap
of previous forms of orientalism. Any discussion
of cosmopolitan citizenship must
overcome orientalism.