Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) is common where wildlife
and human populations coexist and share limited resources and has become a considerable
problem throughout the world.Conflicts are more intense where livestock holdings
and agriculture are important parts of the rural livelihood.Crop raiding, property damage,
livestock depredation and human casualties are the
most common forms of conflict with wildlife.The most extreme form of human–
wildlife conflict occurs when human lives are lost.Retaliation, also for protection of livestock
and agricultural crops, threatens the survival of wildlife
that comes into conflict with humans.Large herbivores and carnivores are particularly affected
by this conflict and are either critically endangered or
rapidly declining as a result.Human–elephant conflict is a key example of such
an interaction.