We adapted performance measures from previous work (e.g., Deshpandé, Farley, and Webster 1993; Jaworski and Kohli 1993; Yip 2003) to assess both marketing and financial performance over a 12-month period (e.g., Chakravarthy 1986; Gupta and Govindarajan 1984; Venkatraman and Ramanujam 1986). We opted to use perceptual performance measures to achieve consistency and reliability across countries (e.g., Lukas, Tan, and Hult 2001). The financial performance measures address worldwide profitability, return on investments, cash flow, and sales growth (e.g., Ketchen, Thomas, and Snow 1993). Marketing performance measures address top managers’ satisfaction with their organization’s overall growth of foreign sales, overall growth of foreign customers, and rate of foreign market expansion (e.g., Venkatraman and Ramanujam 1986; Whitt and Whitt 1988).