The aim of this study was to investigate the association among early breast milk expression, early initiation of hing, shield use, weig in, of exclusive breast to-skin contact, with the the establishment after and pacifier well evidence for guide feeding at generate more The goal was for mothers lines that could be used to promote care units. The study of preterm infants in intensive 1,221 mothers and was part of a national Danish cohort of from 24 their 1,488 preterm infants of ages ranging to 36 weeks. Data were based on questionnaires and structured telephone interviews. At discharge 68% of infants were not breastfed, partially breastfed and 15% were breastfed. Test-weighing the infants during transition from tube-feeding to breastfeeding and minimizing the use of a paci fier showed a protective effect to exclusive breastfeeding at dis charge. The following factors were associated with higher odds in very of failure of preterm infants: multiples, males, and infants of mothers with intermediate or low education, who had no breastfeeding experience, and who smoked. Clinical practices associated with inadequate breastfeeding duration were initiation of breast milk expression at 12 to 24 hours and 48 hours increased and use shields(they had two to three-fold risk). The authors concluded that mothers of preterm infants should be guided to initiation of early breast milk expression before 12 hours postpartum, as this may result in better breast- feeding outcomes. Use of nipple shields should be restricted for preterm infants. Special breastfeeding support and guidance should be given to first-time mothers, smokers, mothers with a lower level of education, mothers of infants younger than 32 gestational weeks, and mothers of twins and triplets.