The study applies the EIO framework to marine spatial plan-
ning. Input–output (IO) analysis is a powerful tool in estimating
the economic impacts of a change in economic activities on a
regional economy [34,35]. An IO model is composed of a system of
linear equations representing n different sectors in the economy:
1
X ¼ I AðÞ
Y; ð1Þ
where X is an n 1 vector of gross output, Y is an n 1 vector of
final demand, A is the technical coefficient matrix (n n) representing
the interrelationships of n sectors within the economy, and
I is an n n identity matrix. The Leontief inverse matrix (I A)
contains multipliers that captures the total economic impacts of
changes in final demand [36].