However, the act of innovation can be improved by leaming how to organise the innovation process ('deutero leaming', as Argyris and Schon [1978] define it). That does not transform innovations into small individual acts. An innovation is a large-scale activity which is reproduced. Either the innovation (e.g., a new product) is made in many copies, or many people follow the same new pattem of activity. This is the case when a process or an organisational innovation is implemented (e.g., the innovation of customer orientation where all employees are taught to 'put the customer at the centre'). Thus each innovation is widely diffused and has a comprehensive effect on the market or the organisation, even incremental innovations. Compared with this, the single leaming act has a limited distribution and effect. Furthermore, an innovation must be new - either a completely new element or a new combination of old elements — while the act of learning does not need to be new. The act of leaming can be repeated (a large-scale activity) and it can be new, but if it is both new and repeated, it is an innovation.