Agricultural biodiversity serves to promote food security in general, es-pecially among the rural poor. It is indispensable for future adaptation to climate change. Overall, biodiversity makes significant contributions to income generation in rural areas and is the natural resource basis for diverse industrial production. The protection, sustainable use and equi-table benefit sharing of biological diversity are subject to international regulation through the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA).