Morris & Martin (2011) suggested the use of system maps and multiple-cause diagrams to implement critical
systems thinking in order to look at specific situations and considering the ‘what ought to be’, involving
beneficiaries and ‘victims’ of any action in an iterative, sustainable approach. Seddon (2008) has taken this approach
of system thinking, lean thinking and intervention theory in the public sector to deliver an efficient and effective
solution to organizations. The central idea has been to link the relationship between purpose, measure and method
by deriving measures of purpose (defined from the customers’ point of view). It has been suggested in the literature
that everything that may be needed to know to improve something will be found in the own system, which would
provide expertise in response to the variety of customer demands.