The mobile communication standard used by a country is a significant remarketing constraint.
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) dominates Europe and is widespread in
Africa and Asia, whereas Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) prevail in the Americas. Nevertheless, all interviewed industry experts say that demand for secondary handsets outstrips supply for all major standards. Currently, cell phone reuse is purely market-driven, since no country has legislation that mandates reuse.