Kubota V3300 indirect injection, four cylinder naturally aspirated compression ignition engine was used to evaluate the performance and emissions of test fuels. A complete setup of this engine is shown in Fig. 1. This engine is mainly used in agricultural and industrial equipment because of its low speed, high torque characteristics. The rated power output is 50.7 kW at 2600 rpm, and the rated torque is 230 N m at 1400 rpm. Table 3 shows the specification of Kubota V3300 and V3300-T. The three main parameters that characterise the performance of a diesel engine are brake power, torque and specific fuel consumption. The brake power (bp) is the measured output of the engine whereas the rate of work done by the gas on the piston is defined as indicated power (ip). The difference between the ip and bp is indicated as friction power (fp) (fp = ip – bp) and this power can overcome the frictional resistance of the engine [40]. The brake power and torque are evaluated by a dynamometer, and specific fuel consumption is evaluated by measuring the flow rate of fuel being supplied to the engine with a fuel flow meter. In case of absorption dynamometer the torque is obtained by the net load at a known radius, given by
equation(10)