the isodiametric and polyhedral structure of parenchymal cells, and caused
a loss of turgor (Fig. 2B). Intense damage provoked by the leaves
reached the internal tissues of the radicle as well as its rhizodermis,
expressing itself as an amorphous and compact structure where
cells and tissues formed a caking effect that also affects the vascular
connection (Fig. 2C). Simultaneously, the damages induced by
A. dealbata seeds were less intense and concentrated mainly in the
rhizodermis, although cortex deformations were noted, and xylem
and phloem were not clearly distinguished (Fig. 2D). Similar disorganization
was observed in the A. thaliana meristems which had
been treated with the allelochemical citral (Gra˜na et al., 2013).
Interestingly, it is reported the expansion of the vascular cylinder
and of the layers of the cortex cells may lead to abnormalities
such as observed here (Romero-Romero et al., 2005; Mojarad et al.,
2013).