BU-415: How to Charge and When to Charge?
Explore what conditions are best when charging any battery.
Batteries have unique requirements and Table 4-20 summarizes how to meet the needs with proper handling. Because of similarities within the battery family, only lead, nickel and lithium systems are listed. Although each chemistry asks for a preferred treatment, there are common denominators that affect the life of all batteries. These are:
Keep a battery at a moderate temperature. As food stays fresher when refrigerated, so also does cool temperature protect the battery by reducing internal corrosion.
Avoid deep cycling. Each cycle wears the battery down by a small amount. A partial discharge is better than a full discharge. Charge more often. Only apply a deliberate full discharge to calibrate a smart battery and to prevent “memory” on a nickel-based pack. Li-ion has the least stress when operating between 30 and 80 percent state-of-charge.
Avoid abuse. Like a machine that is exposed to strenuous work, a battery wears faster if discharged at a high load than moderate one. A battery pack should be made large enough to minimize load-related stresses. Use cells that are optimized for load or energy.
Avoid ultra-fast charge. Most Li-ion prefer charging at less than 1C (below rated Ah). With Li-ion, Energy Cells are more delicate then Power Cells. NiCd can charge fast without side-effect
Store Li-ion at partial charge in a cool place. The worst combination is high voltage and elevated temperature. Discharge Li-ion to 50 percent for long storage.
Strenuous demands cannot always be avoided and some wear and tear is inevitable, even under perfect conditions. While the performance specifications are based on a new battery, this condition is temporary. A battery behaves like a living organism that ages and most field battery operate at less than 100 percent. The acceptable performance range is 80 to 100 percent. The replacement is based on economics and “what if.” For the casual user running out of juice may only be a slight irritation; for industry a failed battery can have serious consequences.
BU-415: How to Charge and When to Charge?Explore what conditions are best when charging any battery.Batteries have unique requirements and Table 4-20 summarizes how to meet the needs with proper handling. Because of similarities within the battery family, only lead, nickel and lithium systems are listed. Although each chemistry asks for a preferred treatment, there are common denominators that affect the life of all batteries. These are:Keep a battery at a moderate temperature. As food stays fresher when refrigerated, so also does cool temperature protect the battery by reducing internal corrosion. Avoid deep cycling. Each cycle wears the battery down by a small amount. A partial discharge is better than a full discharge. Charge more often. Only apply a deliberate full discharge to calibrate a smart battery and to prevent “memory” on a nickel-based pack. Li-ion has the least stress when operating between 30 and 80 percent state-of-charge. Avoid abuse. Like a machine that is exposed to strenuous work, a battery wears faster if discharged at a high load than moderate one. A battery pack should be made large enough to minimize load-related stresses. Use cells that are optimized for load or energy. Avoid ultra-fast charge. Most Li-ion prefer charging at less than 1C (below rated Ah). With Li-ion, Energy Cells are more delicate then Power Cells. NiCd can charge fast without side-effect
Store Li-ion at partial charge in a cool place. The worst combination is high voltage and elevated temperature. Discharge Li-ion to 50 percent for long storage.
Strenuous demands cannot always be avoided and some wear and tear is inevitable, even under perfect conditions. While the performance specifications are based on a new battery, this condition is temporary. A battery behaves like a living organism that ages and most field battery operate at less than 100 percent. The acceptable performance range is 80 to 100 percent. The replacement is based on economics and “what if.” For the casual user running out of juice may only be a slight irritation; for industry a failed battery can have serious consequences.
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