Urinary concentrations
The concentrations of PYR metabolites from the participants are shown in Table 2. The 3-PBA was the most commonly detected PYR metabolite in participants, while DCCA was rarely detected from the participants during both seasons. During the wet season, concentrations of 3-PBA were detected in 87.5% of participants from the rice area and 85.7% of participants from the aquacultural area, with detect-able ranges of 0.30–17.96 µg/g Cr and 0.32–8.44 µg/g Cr, respectively. During the dry season, concentrations of 3-PBA were detected in 95.6% of rice area participants and 86.2% of aquacultural area participants, with detectable ranges of 0.26–13.11 µg/g Cr and 0.18–155.34 µg/g Cr, respectively.
The concentration of PYR metabolites in each participant was not significantly different (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, P.0.05) during both the wet and dry seasons.