October23th each year is observed significantly in Thailand as King Chalalongkorn Memorial Day. It marks the death anniversary of King Chalalongkorn,Rama V, the fifth monarch of the ruling House of Chakri. Recognized as one of the greatest leaders in Thai history and the world's great personalities,King Chalalongkorn carried out his life-long work for the betterment of his people's lives and the progress of the country.
He ruled the Thai Kingdom from 1869 to 1910. During his reign, Siam,as Thailand was known then, was under the threat of colonization from both the British and the French. The King averted the risk successfully through his subtle diplomacy. At that time,the United Kingdom and France were competing for colonies to expand their influences in trading. The United Kingdom gained control of Burma,while France came to take over Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Both the United Kingdom and France eyed Thailand to acquire further territory.
King Chulalongkorn was the first Thai king to travel abroad. He visited Europe for the first time in 1897 and the trip was quite successful in enhancing Siam's role in the international arena. Apart from looking at the progress of European countries, his purpose for visiting was aimed at creating good understanding with the leaders of Europe's big powera.lt was also designed to reduce France's aggression against Siam's sovereignty and seek support from other powerful countries. He managed to chart a safe course for the country through troubled waters.
King Chulalongkorn was the fourh son of King Mongkul, Rama IV,and Queen Debsirindramat. Born on 20th September 1853, he ascended the throne of Siam when he was only 15 year old and was on the throne for 42 year. During his reign, he placed an emphasis on several reforms that brought Thailand into the modern age. For instance,he introduced postal and telegraph service, and constructed a railway network, bridges, and irrigation canals. He also initated a new form of administration and established puplic education. Among his outstanding achievements were the abolition of slavery and the application of peaceful ways to resolve conflicts. He was able to put an end to internal conflicts and halting aggression from foreign countries with amiability and prudence.
In remembrance of this visionary monarch, Thai people from all walks of life gather at the Royal Plaza in Bangkok on October 23the each year to lay wreaths and flowers to pay homage to the equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn.