This pattern can be discussed based on possible changes in chemical availability when added in the medium, whether being adsorbed to the algae, or if they are available as free ions, but also considering daphnids׳ fitness and therefore sensibility to chemicals.Taylor et al. (1998) shows how toxic metal cations, in their case Cd2+, can be adsorbed to the surfaces of algal cells, resulting in changing the toxicity by reducing it.