We also observed that OsLTPL36-RNAi lines grains displayed higher chalkiness with less translucence compared with WT(Fig. 3E–L and R, Table 1). In addition, the chalkiness rate in transgenic line was increased with reduced transcription of OsLTPL36 (Fig. 3Q and R). The observation of starch morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the packaging of starch granules in the endosperm of OsLTPL36-RNAi lines (i5-5, i8-3 and i23-2) were loose, round and smaller (Fig. 3N, O and P). In contrast, the starch granules were polygonal and tightly packed in WT(Fig. 3M). These results indicated that OsLTPL36 might be involved in chalky endosperm formation.