Variations based on an emphasis on people
Sociotechnical systems
Systems that include both social and technical subsystems
Both social and technical subsystems must be considered
User-centered design/Participatory design
Example in text: Multiview
Activity analysis (activity theory)
Actors and activities they do (not in text)
Diagram not just system functions but human activity as well
Main idea: Human activity must be studied in detail (as well as technical aspects) – often forgotten!!
Example – study of activity in intensive care unit as basis for system design (versus “expert system” approach)