2.2. Synthesis of MgCo2O4 NCAs on a nickel foam
MgCo2O4 NCAs were fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method. In a typical process, 1.5 mmol of magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2)·6H2O, 3 mmol of cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2)·6H2O, 2 mmol of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and 6 mmol of urea (CO(NH2)2) were dissolved in 40.0 ml of deionized water and stirred for 30 min to form a clear pink solution. Nickel foam (2 × 4 cm2) was carefully cleaned with a 6.0 M HCl solution in an ultrasound bath for 30 min to remove the NiO layer from the surface, then rinsed with deionized water and absolute ethanol for several times, and finally dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C. The aqueous solution and the Ni foam were transferred into a 50 ml Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave which was maintained at 130 °C for 5 h. The samples were rinsed with deionized water several times and dried at 60 °C after the autoclave naturally cooled down to room temperature. Finally, the products were calcinated at 400 °C for 3 h to form MgCo2O4 NCAs deposited on the nickel foam. For comparison, powder MgCo2O4 was also prepared following the same procedure except that metallic nickel power was introduced instead of Ni foam.
2.2. Synthesis of MgCo2O4 NCAs on a nickel foamMgCo2O4 NCAs were fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method. In a typical process, 1.5 mmol of magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2)·6H2O, 3 mmol of cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2)·6H2O, 2 mmol of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and 6 mmol of urea (CO(NH2)2) were dissolved in 40.0 ml of deionized water and stirred for 30 min to form a clear pink solution. Nickel foam (2 × 4 cm2) was carefully cleaned with a 6.0 M HCl solution in an ultrasound bath for 30 min to remove the NiO layer from the surface, then rinsed with deionized water and absolute ethanol for several times, and finally dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C. The aqueous solution and the Ni foam were transferred into a 50 ml Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave which was maintained at 130 °C for 5 h. The samples were rinsed with deionized water several times and dried at 60 °C after the autoclave naturally cooled down to room temperature. Finally, the products were calcinated at 400 °C for 3 h to form MgCo2O4 NCAs deposited on the nickel foam. For comparison, powder MgCo2O4 was also prepared following the same procedure except that metallic nickel power was introduced instead of Ni foam.
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