In order to test more objectively whether HRD has an influence on employee performance and OCB, the relationship between intended HRD (by HR managers) and employee performance and OCB needs to be revealed, along with to the relationship between perceived HRD (by employees) and employee performance and OCB. As HRD is related to improved performance (Horwitz, 1977) positive perceptions about HRD could be related to improved performance as well. Therefore, the following hypothesis emerges: