The third largest CEENE category, fossil fuels, mainly includes
contributions of feed input at the farm (82%) and at the hatchery
(6%). Another 9% of fossil fuels originates from the use of electricity
at the farm (5%) and at the hatchery (4%). About two-thirds
of the electricity in Vietnam was generated by fossil fuel combustion
(IEA, 2008). Feed contributes in several ways to the fossil
fuels category. Plant-based ingredients make up 90% of the feed by
mass and their agricultural production contributes to 29% of the
fossil fuels category. Animal-based feed ingredients, i.e. poultry
byproduct meal, fish meal and fish oil, account for 31%; their
production is on average 14 times more fossil-fuel intensive per kg
feed ingredient than that of the plant-based ingredients. Transport
of biomass feed ingredients from their country of origin to the
company’s feed mill in Vietnam accounted for 14% of the fossil
fuels category