C. septempunctata were tested in a two-way airflow olfactometer with an airflow of 150 ml/min through each arm [53]. An adult ladybird was placed in the olfactometer for 10 minutes and its position recorded at 2 minute intervals. The observation frequency method [53] was used as it gives a reliable measure irrespective of whether the behaviour is characterized by frequent short visits or few long visits in the olfactometer arm. The accumulated number of observations in the arm zones after ten observations was regarded as one observation. If an insect did not move between three consecutive observations (was motionless) the replicate was discarded and a new one started with a fresh insect. Data were analysed with Wilcoxon matched pairs tests in the Statistica software (Statsoft Inc. 2005). Each experiment was replicated with 20–22 individual ladybirds, using five olfactometers simultaneously with the positions of the treatment arms alternating and with each olfactometer connected to separate plant individuals. In all experiments, plants were at the flowering stage. With C. septempunctata the following comparisons were carried out: