2. Materials and methods2.1. Organic fertilizers and soilsFive types of organic fertilizers (vermicompost, pig manure, chicken manure, peat and oil residue) which have various properties, were used in this study (Table 1). Pig manure was obtained from a commercial pig farm and air-dried. The other organic fertilizers were produced commercially by the same company. Four soils (P, H, N and E) of surface horizon (0–20 cm) were collected from vegetable fields in eastern China (P, 29.036◦N, 119.452◦E, Plinthudult; H, 30.349◦N, 120.202◦E, Hapludult; N, 28.790◦N, 121.524◦E, Endoaquept; E, 36.466◦N, 115.972◦E, Eutrochrepts). Triplicate plots were chosen randomly in each vegetable field. Thesoil sample from each plot was a composite of 5 individual soilcores taken at 5 m intervals. Samples were transported to the laboratoryusing coolers filled with ice, hand-picked to remove plantparts, stones, and earthworms, sieved (<2 mm), and stored at 4 ◦Cbefore use. The selected soil physico-chemical properties are listedin Table 2.
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