Introduction
The species Australopithecus robustus was first discovered and named by the eminent Dr. Robert Broom. Broom made a habit of buying fossil remains from a lime quarry worker, and on a particular visit on June 8, 1938, Broom bought a maxillary fragment containing a first molar. The shape and the size of the molar convinced Broom that this was a different species than A. africanus (Broom’s transvaalensis), and upon further investigation, found that the specimen had been found by a young boy who worked in the cave as a guide on Sundays. Broom searched for the boy (Gert Terblanche) and found him at school. Broom lectured the boy’s class on the cave sites of the area, and was then led to the place of the specimen’s discovery, Kromdraai. Broom found several more cranial and mandibular fragments associated with the original maxillary specimen, and this partial cranium (TM 1517) became the type specimen for A. robustus.
Broom spent some time working on a monograph of the australopithecines, which was published in 1946. This monograph included the description of TM 1517, and was a turning point for the South African australopithecines in the eyes of the world. The monograph received the U.S. National Academy of Sciences award for the most important book of the year in biology, and along with L Gros Clark’s published approval of the South African australopithecines as hominids, was very important in altering the view that the South African specimens were human ancestors and not simply an ape.
Another important find was SK 6, a portion of mandible and several teeth. Another discovery of Broom’s, he originally named a new species for it (Paranthropus crassidens.) However, the specimen is generally accepted as robustus, though it is also considered a type specimen because of this separate species designation. One of the more complete robustus specimens is SK 48, a fairly complete crania of what is probably a female. This specimen – due to its completeness – added much information on the cranial characteristics of the robust australopithecines. One specimen may or may not be robustus, since it was found at Sterkfontein, and the presence of robustus and africanus in the same place at basically the same time would cause some phylogentic attribution of the robust australopithecines major problems. STW 252 is considered by those who see more than one species at Sterkfontein as robustus, and as africanus by those that see one species. The dentition seems to indicate inclusion in robustus, but the uncertainty of the date causes some to view it cautiously.
IntroductionThe species Australopithecus robustus was first discovered and named by the eminent Dr. Robert Broom. Broom made a habit of buying fossil remains from a lime quarry worker, and on a particular visit on June 8, 1938, Broom bought a maxillary fragment containing a first molar. The shape and the size of the molar convinced Broom that this was a different species than A. africanus (Broom’s transvaalensis), and upon further investigation, found that the specimen had been found by a young boy who worked in the cave as a guide on Sundays. Broom searched for the boy (Gert Terblanche) and found him at school. Broom lectured the boy’s class on the cave sites of the area, and was then led to the place of the specimen’s discovery, Kromdraai. Broom found several more cranial and mandibular fragments associated with the original maxillary specimen, and this partial cranium (TM 1517) became the type specimen for A. robustus.Broom spent some time working on a monograph of the australopithecines, which was published in 1946. This monograph included the description of TM 1517, and was a turning point for the South African australopithecines in the eyes of the world. The monograph received the U.S. National Academy of Sciences award for the most important book of the year in biology, and along with L Gros Clark’s published approval of the South African australopithecines as hominids, was very important in altering the view that the South African specimens were human ancestors and not simply an ape.ค้นหาสำคัญอื่นถูก SK 6 ส่วนของกรรไกร และฟันหลาย อื่นการค้นพบของไม้กวาด เขาเดิมชื่อสายพันธุ์ใหม่สำหรับ (Paranthropus crassidens) อย่างไรก็ตาม สิ่งส่งตรวจโดยทั่วไปยอมรับเป็น robustus แต่ยังถือว่าเป็นสิ่งส่งตรวจชนิดเนื่องจาก มีการรับรองสายพันธุ์ที่แยกต่างหาก Specimens robustus สมบูรณ์อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งเป็น SK 48, crania ค่อนข้างสมบูรณ์อะไรอาจจะเป็นหญิง ตัวอย่างนี้ – เนื่องจากความสมบูรณ์เพิ่มข้อมูลมากลักษณะ cranial ของ australopithecines แข็งแกร่ง ตัวอย่างหนึ่งที่อาจ หรืออาจไม่ robustus เนื่องจากพบที่ Sterkfontein และสถานะของ robustus และ africanus ใน เดียวกันโดยทั่วไปจะทำให้แสดงบาง phylogentic ของ australopithecines แข็งแกร่งปัญหาสำคัญ STW 252 ถือว่าเป็นผู้ที่ดู robustus และ เป็น africanus สปีชีส์หนึ่งที่ Sterkfontein โดยผู้ที่เห็นชนิดหนึ่ง Dentition ดูเหมือนจะ บ่งชี้รวมใน robustus แต่ความไม่แน่นอนของวันทำให้บางดูเดิน
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