Step 2
Modeling the current situation is a form of externalization. Sharing one’s experience and insights with others, for example, writing an ethnography, requires abstracting and generalizing. Nonaka writes, “Externalization…is the quintessential knowledge-creation process in that tacit knowledge becomes explicit, taking the shapes of metaphors, analogies, concepts, hypotheses, or models.” He adds, “To make a hidden concept or mechanism explicit out of accumulated tacit knowledge, abduction, or retroduction is effective rather than induction or deduction.”