2.2. Biochar production
A bench-scale fixed-bed tubular reactor was used for the productionof biochar.The unit includes a tubularreactor, an electrical gaspre-heaterwithatemperaturecontrolleranda powersupply,a cooler, a condensate receiver, and a computer data acquisition system. The reactor has an inside diameter of 27 mm and a length of 575mm, made from stainless steel. The reactor is located inside an electrically heated furnace with a reaction zone of 100 mm in length. The pine sawdust sample was added into the reactor from the top of the reactor. The pine sawdust sample loaded into the