the well-regulated biological mechanisms of assembly
and extrusion of intracellular lipid micro-droplets through the apical
plasma membrane of the epithelial cells of the mammary gland
(Heid & Keenan, 2005). Milk fat globules are a major source of energy
and the natural vectors produced by the mother to deliver
triacylglycerols (TG) and other biologically active molecules, such
as polar lipids and minor proteins, in the gastrointestinal tracts
of mammal newborns. Milk fat globules may also supply the necessary
instructions for development of the infant intestinal mucosa,
and the immune and nervous systems, as well as metabolic
activity, as reported by Riccio (2004). Argov, Lemay, and German
(2008) recently raised the idea that the dispersion of lipids in milk
fat globules with various diameters may have a greater role than
simply to deliver lipids to the infant. Thus, the full characterisation
of milk fat globules according to their size will contribute in a better
understanding of their properties and is the first step needed to
relate both the composition and the structural properties of milk
fat globules to their physiological functions.
Milk fat globules are more complex than simple emulsion droplets
because of their biological membrane, called the milk fat globule
membrane (MFGM; thickness: 10–50 nm), the structure and
composition of which depend on the mechanisms of secretion
the well-regulated biological mechanisms of assembly
and extrusion of intracellular lipid micro-droplets through the apical
plasma membrane of the epithelial cells of the mammary gland
(Heid & Keenan, 2005). Milk fat globules are a major source of energy
and the natural vectors produced by the mother to deliver
triacylglycerols (TG) and other biologically active molecules, such
as polar lipids and minor proteins, in the gastrointestinal tracts
of mammal newborns. Milk fat globules may also supply the necessary
instructions for development of the infant intestinal mucosa,
and the immune and nervous systems, as well as metabolic
activity, as reported by Riccio (2004). Argov, Lemay, and German
(2008) recently raised the idea that the dispersion of lipids in milk
fat globules with various diameters may have a greater role than
simply to deliver lipids to the infant. Thus, the full characterisation
of milk fat globules according to their size will contribute in a better
understanding of their properties and is the first step needed to
relate both the composition and the structural properties of milk
fat globules to their physiological functions.
Milk fat globules are more complex than simple emulsion droplets
because of their biological membrane, called the milk fat globule
membrane (MFGM; thickness: 10–50 nm), the structure and
composition of which depend on the mechanisms of secretion
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