Oral health care in pregnancy is often avoided and misunderstood by physicians, dentists, and
patients. Evidence-based practice guidelines are still being developed. Research suggests that
some prenatal oral conditions may have adverse consequences for the child. Periodontitis is
associated with preterm birth and low birth weight, and high levels of cariogenic bacteria in
mothers can lead to increased dental caries in the infant. Other oral lesions, such as gingivitis
and pregnancy tumors, are benign and require only reassurance and monitoring. Every pregnant
woman should be screened for oral risks, counseled on proper oral hygiene, and referred
for dental treatment when necessary. Dental procedures such as diagnostic radiography, periodontal
treatment, restorations, and extractions are safe and are best performed during the
second trimester. Xylitol and chlorhexidine may be used as adjuvant therapy for high-risk
mothers in the early postpartum period to reduce transmission of cariogenic bacteria to their
infants. Appropriate dental care and prevention during pregnancy may reduce poor prenatal
outcomes and decrease infant caries. (Am Fam Physician. 2008;77(8):1139-1144. Copyright ©
2008 American Academy of Family Physicians.)