The empirical results reported in Table 4 show that there is a distinct short-run and long- run unidirectional causal
flow from oil prices to economic growth. The short-run causality from oil prices to economic growth is supported by
the F-statistic in the economic growth equation, which is statistically significant. The long-run causal flow, on the
other hand, is supported by the lagged error-correction term in the economic growth function, which is negative and
statistically significant - as expected. The results, however, failed to find any causality from either economic growth
or oil prices to economic growth.