Damage of alveolar tissue and small airways
seems to be mediated by oxidants. Smoking
profoundly affects the oxidant/antioxidant balance
and increases oxidative stress, but antioxidants
in fresh fruit and fish oils may offer some
protection against such damage. This may
help to explain some of the increased susceptibility
related to social class. Antioxidants in
wine could hypothetically have a protective
effect on the lungs, judging from its effects on
overall mortality and lung cancer. However,
this association, which would influence the
association between socioeconomic status and
lung disease, has not so far been addressed in detail. In fact, a risk factor of marginal
importance is heavy alcohol consumption
which is associated with airflow limitation.
Other possible contributory explanations
that need consideration include selective
drift—that is, that subjects with chronic lung
diseases are downwardly mobile. In recent
years a number of studies have attempted to
clarify these causal relations. The socioeconomic
gradient seems to be only slightly
affected by selective drift or access to health
care. In addition, a gradient is also found
for education which, in contrast to income and
social class, precedes morbidity.
Damage of alveolar tissue and small airwaysseems to be mediated by oxidants. Smokingprofoundly affects the oxidant/antioxidant balanceand increases oxidative stress, but antioxidantsin fresh fruit and fish oils may offer someprotection against such damage. This mayhelp to explain some of the increased susceptibilityrelated to social class. Antioxidants inwine could hypothetically have a protectiveeffect on the lungs, judging from its effects onoverall mortality and lung cancer. However,this association, which would influence theassociation between socioeconomic status andlung disease, has not so far been addressed in detail. In fact, a risk factor of marginalimportance is heavy alcohol consumptionwhich is associated with airflow limitation.Other possible contributory explanationsthat need consideration include selectivedrift—that is, that subjects with chronic lungdiseases are downwardly mobile. In recentyears a number of studies have attempted toclarify these causal relations. The socioeconomicgradient seems to be only slightlyaffected by selective drift or access to healthcare. In addition, a gradient is also foundfor education which, in contrast to income andsocial class, precedes morbidity.
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