Trustworthiness was achieved by the criteria: credibility,
dependability, confirmability, and transferability (Lincoln &
Guba, 1985). Prolonged engagement was performed by the
first author. Data and method triangulations were taken into
consideration. The second author and the fourth author
conducted peer-debriefing to gain consensus on analysis
accuracy. Results of this study were verified by four key
informants: as an example, one informant said, “I cannot
express my ideas well due to my poor educational background,
but you have expressed what I want to say.” In this
manner, member checking was performed. The research
process was audited by the second author and all relevant
documents were kept, for example demographic forms,
informed consent forms, field notes, audio-digital records,
verbatim transcripts, and coding sheets. Selection of diverse
informants and provision of adequate quotations of informants’
statements were used to avoid researchers’ bias in dataanalysis. Thick description about informants, context, and
research process provided the readers an opportunity to
transfer the findings into similar contexts.