Although motivation is an important factor in some categorizations of philanthropy, others examine philanthropy primarily in terms of marketing utility. Varadarajan & Menon, for example, examine the alignment of corporate philanthropy with marketing for business interests (Varadarajan and Menon 1988). This phenomenon, known as cause-related marketing, is defined as “the process of formulating and implementing marketing activities that are characterized by an offer from the firm to contribute a specified amount to a designated cause when customers engage in a revenue-providing exchanges that satisfy organizational and individual objectives” (Varadarajan and Menon 1988). Through the alignment of marketing with philanthropic causes, a broad range of both marketing and corporate objectives can be achieved, according to Varadarajan & Menon (Varadarajan and Menon 1988). The objectives may include the advancement of the business’s reputation through cause-related marketing, including the advancement of the business’s reputation through cause-related marketing, including the perceived reliability and honesty of the firm, for example, “a pesticide-free or non-animal-tested ingredient can be perceived by some buyers as preferable to other attributes of competitors’ products” (Garriga and Mele 2004). As a marketing tool, corporate philanthropy has the potential to aid in the positive appearance, and thus the profit of a business.