The influence of environmental cues on consumer behaviour has been widely
discussed in the scientific literature, since Donovan and Rossiter (1982)
introduced the concept of environmental psychology to marketing research. Their
basic model assumes a Stimulus-Organism-Response taxonomy, where the
environment (stimulus) has an impact on the emotional states of consumers along
three dimensions, pleasure, arousal or dominance (organism). These act as
mediators on the response, which is a behaviour characterised as avoiding or
approaching (Mehrabian & Russell 1974, Woodworth 1928).